Penetration Testing

 While HIPAA does not explicitly require annual penetration tests, it does require healthcare organizations to regularly assess their security posture. Penetration testing is often considered a best practice for meeting HIPAA's requirements. 

 Any organization that processes, stores, or transmits credit card data must comply with PCI DSS. Requirement 11.3 of PCI DSS mandates that a penetration test be conducted at least annually and after any significant changes to the network or systems. 

 Publicly traded companies are required to ensure the security of financial data and systems. Annual penetration testing is often performed as part of the broader SOX compliance efforts. 

 Banks and financial institutions are often required by regulators and industry standards to conduct regular penetration tests to protect sensitive financial data. 

 The energy sector, particularly companies involved in critical infrastructure, may be required to perform regular penetration testing as part of broader cybersecurity regulations, such as those enforced by NERC CIP (North American Electric Reliability Corporation Critical Infrastructure Protection). 

 Law firms manage confidential client information, including legal strategies, contracts, and intellectual property. The sensitive nature of this data makes them a target for cybercriminals, necessitating regular security assessments. 

 Manufacturing companies, especially those using Industrial Control Systems (ICS), are increasingly targeted by cyberattacks. Penetration testing is crucial to protect operational technology (OT) and prevent disruptions in production. 

 The hospitality industry, including hotels and resorts, collects and processes large amounts of customer data, including payment information. Ensuring the security of these systems is essential to prevent breaches.